The Global Journal of Innovation & Research (GJIR) is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary online journal published by Vikash Higher Educational Institutions, Bargarh. GJIR is a biannual journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research, reviews, case studies, and innovative findings across a broad spectrum of academic disciplines. Published twice a year, the journal provides a dynamic platform for scholars, researchers, and professionals to share knowledge and foster cross-disciplinary dialogue.